Even though I’m three hundred miles away, I’m confident I’ll still be able to keep on writing about Kulaman Plateau. One of the reasons is that I’ve taken with me a book about the Dulangan Manobo, the indigenous people of the place. Let me correct that. I've taken with me a copy of the book. And let me correct myself again. I've taken with me a photocopy of the book—the whole book.
I'm blatantly proclaiming that I pirated the reading material because its publishers allow and even encourage it. The book, Defending the Land: Lumad and Moro People's Struggle for Ancestral Domain in Mindanao, was published by a group of non-government organizations, and they included an "anti-copyright" notice at the supposedly copyright page. The notice reads: "Reproduction, citation and other forms of propagation of this book—whether in part or in its entirety—are welcome and encouraged by the author and publishers."
I'm willing to shell out some amount if the book is available in major bookstores, but it's not. The original copy I got my hands on was from Dakyas, a claimant to the sultan title and the tribal chieftain of Manobo Village, Barangay Poblacion, Municipality of Senator Ninoy Aquino. No, I did not borrow the book directly from Sultan Dakyas. I borrowed it from a cousin who was doing her thesis for her master's degree. She's the one who knew Sultan Dakyas personally and borrowed the book.
Defending the Land contains 21 pages of write-up about the Dulangan Manobo, with sub-sections on their domain, history, economy, art and culture, kinship and social ties, beliefs and practices, polity, and status of ancestral domain claim. The book so far is the most comprehensive reference I have on the Dulangan Manobo. The information there, however, was really just an overview. I wish to find—or write!—a more detailed and voluminous study on the tribe. For now, though, I'm happy enough to have the handy resource.
The book contains interesting facts and is insightful, especially on its discussion on how the tribe has been affected by new forces and structures that encroached Kulaman Plateau. I'll be generously quoting the book in the next few weeks, so do drop by. Together let's learn more about the Dulangan Manobo and think of ways how our knowledge can be translated to tangible results.
A Guide to Kulaman Plateau and Its Manobo People, Lost Burial Jars, and Hundred Caves
Showing posts with label references. Show all posts
Showing posts with label references. Show all posts
Monday, August 5, 2013
Monday, April 1, 2013
Manobo Population
I’ve got here for you the population data of the Dulangan
Manobo. The photos below show the results of the census taken by the Indigenous
Peoples Ministry of the Archdiocese of Cotabato in November 1999 to February
2000.
Unfortunately, this is the latest and most reliable study I could
get my hands on. As far as I know, the ministry has not conducted a follow-up
study since then. I’m not also sure if other NGOs or a government agency has a
Manobo population data of its own. For the meantime, let’s be thankful for this
document, which is an appendix to the dissertation submitted by Fr. Francis
Efren Zabala, OMI, to the Catholic Theological Union at Chicago.
The ministry recorded a total of 37,139 Dulangan Manobo
living in eight municipalities. Six of the municipalities are in Sultan Kudarat
Province, while two (Ampatuan and South Upi) are in Maguindanao. A note in the
bottom of the document states that Sharif Aguak Municipality was excluded,
probably because of the peace and order situation at the time the census was
taken. It’s not likely, though, that there is a significant number of Dulangan
Manobo living in Sharif Aguak. I think most of the indigenous people who live
there are Teduray.
Note also that the study was conducted only in the parishes
under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Cotabato. Some Dulangan Manobo
live in the provinces of South Cotabato and Sarangani, which are part of the
Archdiocese of Marbel. Therefore, there might have been several hundred or a
few thousand Dulangan Manobo who weren’t counted. The total population of the
Dulangan Manobo in 2000 might be more than forty thousand.
In the document, the population of the Dulangan Manobo is at
the lower part of the right column. Beside it is the population of the
Lambangian, who seem to be a group of people who have a mix Teduray and Manobo
blood. It’s my first time to learn of these people, and I’ll keep in mind to
research more about them. They numbered 4,276 in year 2000.
Another surprising info for me from this list is the existence of a Manobo tribe in the province of Cotabato (old yet more popular name: North Cotabato). In 2000, seven towns in the province were home to 7,329 Aromanon Manobo. This means that using the term Cotabato Manobo for the Dulangan Manobo may be confusing to some people. I should avoid doing this from now on. Note that the papers written by the Summer Institute of Linguistics, listed in this blog’s bibliography, use Cotabato Manobo and refer only to the Manobo living in and near Kulaman Plateau, in Sultan Kudarat Province.
Labels:
Ampatuan,
Aromanon Manobo,
blog updates,
Cotabato Province,
Indigenous Peoples Ministry,
Lambangian,
population,
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South Upi,
Teduray
Sunday, October 28, 2012
Manobo Magic Demystified
Many Visayan settlers here in Mindanao whisper about the power of the Manobo people (and other indigenous tribes) to use some primitive dark magic. The suspicions are not exactly unfounded. Ross Errington, a linguistics scholar, set out to investigate the matter and reported his findings in the journal Studies in Philippine Linguistics, published by the international volunteer organization Summer Institute of Linguistics.
In the article, which appeared in 1988, Errington classifies the magic of the Dulangan Manobos into four, according to its use: (1) magic to ward off misfortunes, (2) magic to heal the sick, (3) magic to attain success, and (4) magic to inflict harm on others. Towards the end of the article, the writer discusses Manobo magic in relation to the conversion to Christianity of many tribe members.
Visayans who will read the article will be surprised to find out that Manobo magic isn't much different from the traditional supernatural practices of lowlanders. Like the Visayans, the Manobos of Cotabato wear amulets to attract positive energy and utter chants to drive away illness-causing spirits. The difference is in the details. Read Errington's article to learn the nitty-gritty of Manobo magic. To cite it as a source, see Bibliography.
In the article, which appeared in 1988, Errington classifies the magic of the Dulangan Manobos into four, according to its use: (1) magic to ward off misfortunes, (2) magic to heal the sick, (3) magic to attain success, and (4) magic to inflict harm on others. Towards the end of the article, the writer discusses Manobo magic in relation to the conversion to Christianity of many tribe members.
Visayans who will read the article will be surprised to find out that Manobo magic isn't much different from the traditional supernatural practices of lowlanders. Like the Visayans, the Manobos of Cotabato wear amulets to attract positive energy and utter chants to drive away illness-causing spirits. The difference is in the details. Read Errington's article to learn the nitty-gritty of Manobo magic. To cite it as a source, see Bibliography.
Wednesday, October 24, 2012
Want to Learn Manobo?
I missed posting here! I wasn't able to update this blog for more than a week because I've been a fellow at a regional writing workshop. The schedule was crazy; there were so many literary works to read and plenty of kindred spirits to banter with. Now I'm back to the rut that is my real life, so I'm going to have enough time again for this blog.
To get the ball rolling again, I present you readers several gems that I've unearthed from the website of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. The site has downloadable publications that are just perfect for those who want to learn the language of the Dulangan Manobos. Here are the basic references:
The first book above contains an exhaustive list of Manobo words and their respective equivalents in English, Tagalog, and Cebuano, so using the book, most Filipinos can learn Manobo. For more advance learners, listed below are some supplementary documents. I don't have any formal training on linguistics, so I can barely understand their contents:
The website also offers downloadable documents that are about the Dulangan Monobos but not directly related to their language:
That's all for today. Mesehaa ki pa kani. Dutu a de! (To know what I mean, see page 4 of A Phrase Book.)
To get the ball rolling again, I present you readers several gems that I've unearthed from the website of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. The site has downloadable publications that are just perfect for those who want to learn the language of the Dulangan Manobos. Here are the basic references:
- Ini sa Medoo Kagi Diya sa Epat Balangan Kagi: This is Words in Four Languages (1979) PDF 4MB
- Sa Libelu Kesetawit Diya sa Telu Balangan Kagi: A Phrase Book in Three Languages (1995) PDF 1.8MB
- Cotabato Manobo Grammar (1988) PDF 4.4MB
The first book above contains an exhaustive list of Manobo words and their respective equivalents in English, Tagalog, and Cebuano, so using the book, most Filipinos can learn Manobo. For more advance learners, listed below are some supplementary documents. I don't have any formal training on linguistics, so I can barely understand their contents:
- A Transition Network Grammar of Cotabato Manobo (1979) PDF 3.1MB
- Discourse Types and Tense Patterns in Cotabato Manobo (1979) PDF 0.5MB
- Hortatory Mitigation: The Case of the Camouflaged Backbone (1984) PDF 0.9MB
The website also offers downloadable documents that are about the Dulangan Monobos but not directly related to their language:
That's all for today. Mesehaa ki pa kani. Dutu a de! (To know what I mean, see page 4 of A Phrase Book.)
Sunday, October 14, 2012
Reference: Law Creating Ninoy Aquino Town
I found a copy of Republic Act No. 6712, the law creating the Municipality of Senator Ninoy Aquino. Thanks to websites that serve as a database of Philippine laws. Our statutes can now be read, copied, and shared by almost anyone, not just yellowing and gathering dust on some hands-off shelf.
According to R.A. 6712, Senator Ninoy Aquino shall comprise eight barangays, seven of which belonged to the Municipality of Kalamansig, namely, Buenaflores, Bugso, Kadi, Kiadsam, Kulaman, Malegdeg and Sewod. The eighth village is Langgal, which belonged to the Municipality of Bagumbayan. Barangay Langgal is where I grew up.
From the original eight barangays, twelve more were later added, bringing the present number to twenty. The newer barangays are Banali, Basag, Buklod, Gapok, Kapatagan, Kuden, Lagubang, Limuhay, Midtungok, Nati, Tacupis, and Tinalon. Most of these twelve villages were formed out of the territory of Langgal. So far, however, I have not been able to find the law or laws that created these barangays, so I will not comment further on their scopes or history.
Back to the republic act, I find the last sentence rather strange: "Enacted without executive approval, February 17, 1989." I feel like Corazon Aquino, the Philippine president that time, didn't want to give her husband's name to the place. I know that statutes need not be signed by the president to be valid and executory, so long as they meet some equivalent requirements, but I wish the use of the late hero's name had the express blessing of his wife.
Read the full text of R.A. 6712 at PhilippineLaw.info.
According to R.A. 6712, Senator Ninoy Aquino shall comprise eight barangays, seven of which belonged to the Municipality of Kalamansig, namely, Buenaflores, Bugso, Kadi, Kiadsam, Kulaman, Malegdeg and Sewod. The eighth village is Langgal, which belonged to the Municipality of Bagumbayan. Barangay Langgal is where I grew up.
From the original eight barangays, twelve more were later added, bringing the present number to twenty. The newer barangays are Banali, Basag, Buklod, Gapok, Kapatagan, Kuden, Lagubang, Limuhay, Midtungok, Nati, Tacupis, and Tinalon. Most of these twelve villages were formed out of the territory of Langgal. So far, however, I have not been able to find the law or laws that created these barangays, so I will not comment further on their scopes or history.
Back to the republic act, I find the last sentence rather strange: "Enacted without executive approval, February 17, 1989." I feel like Corazon Aquino, the Philippine president that time, didn't want to give her husband's name to the place. I know that statutes need not be signed by the president to be valid and executory, so long as they meet some equivalent requirements, but I wish the use of the late hero's name had the express blessing of his wife.
Read the full text of R.A. 6712 at PhilippineLaw.info.
Labels:
Corazon Aquino,
laws,
references,
republic acts,
Senator Ninoy Aquino
Tuesday, October 9, 2012
Reference: Manobo Narrative Chants by Cruz-Lucero
Written in the Filipino language, this paper features twelve Dulangan
Manobo narrative chants. Most of the stories are early myths, such as how the
world was created, and some are modern folktales, such as the arrival of the
first American. The author, Rosario Cruz-Lucero, a professor in the University
of the Philippines, relates the stories to the beliefs, practices, and present
predicaments of the Dulangan Manobos.
This paper is a product of the author’s “weeklong visits” to
two Manobo communities in October 2002 and May 2003. The chants were recited by
a shamaness-cum-storyteller. Because Cruz-Lucero is a fictionist aside from
being a scholar, her language is more entertaining to read than the usual
academic prose. I must point out, however, a minor error. She states that the
interviews were conducted in “the municipality of Kulaman and Todog village.”
Kulaman is the poblacion, or capital
village, of the Municipality of Senator Ninoy Aquino, while Todog is a sitio, or hamlet, within the territory
of Bugso village.
Here is a pdf copy of the paper. Delightful news to researchers: The online version of Humanities Diliman, where this paper is published, provides suggestions how to cite the paper. Just click the link at the right of the webpage.
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